The ongoing United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 29, in Azerbaijan has brought to light the alarming threats faced by environmental activists globally. A recent report from Global Witness reveals that nearly 200 individuals lost their lives defending the environment in 2023, with Latin America accounting for a staggering 85% of these killings. Colombia remains the most perilous country for activists, recording 40% of all global fatalities related to environmental defense.

Experts highlight that indigenous peoples and women are disproportionately targeted in these violent acts. Indigenous defenders, who make up a mere 5-6% of the global population, represent 40-45% of the documented killings, as they are often at the forefront of protecting their ancestral lands from exploitation. Women environmental defenders face additional threats, including gender-specific violence and harassment.

The report underscores a significant gap in data collection, particularly in regions like Africa and Asia, where the lack of detailed reporting obscures the true extent of violence against defenders. While some countries have established protection mechanisms, many are ineffective, as evidenced by the continued killings of individuals who were supposedly under protection.

Activists at COP 29 express skepticism about the conference's ability to effect real change, noting that their voices are frequently absent from critical negotiations. Advocates are calling for greater inclusion of indigenous communities in discussions about climate change, emphasizing their vital role in conservation efforts.

The United States is urged to leverage its legislative power to protect environmental defenders, particularly by regulating the actions of American companies operating abroad. The need for effective protection mechanisms and the inclusion of local voices in climate discussions are critical to safeguarding those who risk their lives for environmental justice.