Tribes demand action on cultural repatriation from universities

In a recent government meeting, representatives from various tribal nations expressed deep concerns regarding the lack of compliance by the University of California (UC) and California State University (CSU) systems with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990. This federal law mandates that institutions receiving federal funds must return human remains and cultural items to their respective tribes. Despite California's enactment of Cal NAGPRA in 2001, which was amended in 2020 to enhance tribal consultation, progress remains stagnant.

Tribal leaders highlighted the emotional toll of having ancestors and cultural items still held by universities and museums, emphasizing that their pleas for repatriation have largely been ignored. A state audit conducted in 2022 revealed significant non-compliance by UC and CSU, indicating a disregard for the rights of sovereign tribes. In response, CSU has initiated listening sessions to gather input from tribal representatives on developing policies for repatriation, but many tribal leaders feel these efforts are insufficient.

Recommendations from tribal representatives included prioritizing funding for repatriation efforts, ensuring that NAGPRA practitioners operate independently of anthropology departments to avoid conflicts of interest, and establishing protocols for the proper storage and eventual return of cultural items. They also called for cultural sensitivity training for university staff and regular reporting to tribes regarding compliance with repatriation laws.

The Morongo Band of Mission Indians shared their positive experiences with CSU San Bernardino and UC Riverside, where consultations have begun for the repatriation of collections. However, they acknowledged that systemic barriers, such as inadequate funding and poor storage conditions, continue to hinder compliance across the state.

The meeting underscored the urgent need for educational institutions to engage meaningfully with tribal nations and adhere to legal obligations regarding the repatriation of cultural heritage, reflecting a broader call for respect and recognition of Native American rights.