In a recent government meeting, healthcare experts discussed the long-term effects of CAR T-cell therapy, highlighting significant concerns regarding patient health outcomes. The meeting revealed that a substantial number of patients experience persistent B-cell aplasia and IgG depletions, with late severe cytopenias affecting approximately 58% of patients one year post-treatment. Additionally, infectious diseases and secondary malignancies were noted as prevalent issues, with infection rates around 35% at the one-year mark.

The discussion emphasized the need for ongoing monitoring and support for patients, particularly those with prolonged cytopenias, which can persist for years even in patients who are in ongoing complete remission. Factors contributing to these complications include higher grades of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), previous multiple lines of treatment, and baseline cytopenia.

To mitigate these effects, healthcare providers at the meeting outlined several strategies, including regular transfusion support, the use of growth factors, and prophylactic treatments for infections. They also highlighted the importance of monitoring immunoglobulin levels and administering intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacements when necessary.

The meeting further addressed the risk of secondary malignancies, noting that as patients live longer due to advancements in CAR T-cell therapy, the incidence of these malignancies—estimated between 4% to 16%—requires careful follow-up. This rate is consistent with expectations given the patients' histories of chemotherapy.

Overall, the discussions underscored the critical need for comprehensive care strategies to address the long-term health challenges faced by patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy, ensuring that they receive the necessary support to manage these late effects effectively.