Kentucky enacts restrictions on law enforcement use of unmanned aircraft systems

House Bill 19, introduced in the Kentucky State Legislature on February 19, 2025, aims to regulate the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, by law enforcement and government agencies. The bill seeks to address concerns regarding privacy, data collection, and the legal framework surrounding drone usage in the state.

Key provisions of House Bill 19 include strict guidelines for law enforcement agencies, mandating that any search conducted using a drone must be authorized under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and the Kentucky Constitution. If a warrant is obtained, it must specifically permit the use of a drone. The bill also emphasizes that data collection on individuals not involved in investigations should be minimized, and any data collected can only be disclosed by court order.

Notably, the bill stipulates that evidence obtained through unauthorized drone use will not be admissible in civil, criminal, or administrative proceedings, with exceptions for evidence related to the misconduct of the drone operator. Additionally, the bill does not require law enforcement agencies to operate drones, providing them with discretion in their use.

The introduction of House Bill 19 has sparked debates among lawmakers and civil rights advocates. Supporters argue that the bill is a necessary step to protect citizens' privacy rights and ensure that law enforcement operates within legal boundaries. Critics, however, express concerns that the regulations may hinder law enforcement's ability to effectively use technology in crime prevention and investigation.

The implications of House Bill 19 extend beyond privacy concerns, touching on broader issues of civil liberties and the evolving role of technology in law enforcement. Experts suggest that the bill could set a precedent for how drone usage is regulated in other states, potentially influencing national discussions on privacy and surveillance.

As the legislative process unfolds, stakeholders will be closely monitoring amendments and discussions surrounding the bill, which could shape its final form and impact its implementation across Kentucky.