Ohio General Assembly establishes funding formula for special education preschool children

Ohio's House Bill 114 aims to enhance funding for preschool special education programs, a move that could significantly impact early childhood education across the state. Introduced on February 26, 2025, the bill proposes a new formula for calculating state aid for various categories of preschool children with disabilities, ensuring that funding aligns more closely with the needs of these students.

The bill outlines specific provisions for calculating state aid based on the number of special education students in different categories, as defined in the Ohio Revised Code. For fiscal year 2026 and beyond, the formula will consider the statewide average base cost per pupil, the district's state share percentage, and a multiplier for each category of disability. This structured approach aims to provide more equitable funding to districts, addressing disparities that have historically affected special education resources.

Supporters of House Bill 114 argue that it is a crucial step toward ensuring that preschool children with disabilities receive the necessary support to thrive in educational settings. They emphasize that adequate funding is essential for hiring qualified staff, providing specialized resources, and creating inclusive environments that cater to diverse learning needs.

However, the bill has faced some opposition. Critics express concerns about the potential financial burden on the state budget, questioning whether the proposed funding increases are sustainable in the long term. Additionally, some lawmakers are advocating for a more comprehensive review of the overall education funding system in Ohio, suggesting that changes should not only focus on special education but also consider broader educational equity issues.

The implications of House Bill 114 extend beyond immediate funding increases. Experts suggest that improved funding for preschool special education could lead to better educational outcomes for children with disabilities, ultimately benefiting society by fostering inclusion and reducing long-term costs associated with inadequate early intervention.

As the bill moves through the legislative process, its supporters are optimistic about its potential to reshape early childhood education in Ohio. If passed, House Bill 114 could mark a significant advancement in the state's commitment to supporting all students, particularly those with special needs, setting a precedent for future educational reforms.