Oregon legislature outlines land use regulations for reclaimed water and farm operations

On February 27, 2025, the Oregon State Legislature introduced Senate Bill 1154, a legislative proposal aimed at expanding permissible agricultural practices within exclusive farm use zones. The bill seeks to address the growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices and the utilization of reclaimed resources in farming.

One of the key provisions of SB 1154 allows for the land application of reclaimed water, agricultural or industrial process water, and biosolids for agricultural, horticultural, or silvicultural production. This provision is contingent upon obtaining the necessary licenses and permits from the Department of Environmental Quality, ensuring that environmental standards are upheld. Additionally, the bill permits the onsite treatment of septage prior to the land application of biosolids, provided that the treatment facilities are portable and temporary.

Another significant aspect of the bill is its inclusion of dog training classes and testing trials as permissible activities within farm zones, with specific limitations on the number of dogs and events. Furthermore, it recognizes cider businesses and farm breweries as legitimate agricultural enterprises, thereby broadening the scope of activities that can be conducted on agricultural land.

The bill also introduces provisions for establishing primary dwellings in conjunction with farm operations or woodlots, even on smaller parcels of land, provided they meet certain income thresholds. This aims to support farmers and landowners in maintaining viable living conditions while engaging in agricultural activities.

While SB 1154 has garnered support for promoting sustainable practices and enhancing agricultural viability, it has also faced scrutiny. Critics express concerns about potential environmental impacts and the adequacy of regulatory oversight, particularly regarding the land application of reclaimed water and biosolids. The debate surrounding these provisions highlights the tension between agricultural expansion and environmental protection.

The implications of SB 1154 are significant, as it could reshape agricultural practices in Oregon, encouraging the use of reclaimed resources and supporting local economies through diversified agricultural activities. Experts suggest that if passed, the bill could lead to increased agricultural productivity and sustainability, but it will require careful monitoring to mitigate any adverse environmental effects.

As the legislative process unfolds, stakeholders from various sectors, including agriculture, environmental advocacy, and local communities, will be closely watching the developments surrounding SB 1154. The outcome of this bill could set a precedent for future agricultural legislation in Oregon, balancing the needs of farmers with environmental stewardship.