Legislature defines penalties for criminal neglect of patients in medical facilities

On March 17, 2025, the Nevada State Legislature introduced Assembly Bill 461, aimed at addressing the issue of criminal neglect within medical facilities. The bill seeks to establish clearer definitions and penalties for acts of neglect that result in harm to patients, thereby enhancing accountability among healthcare providers.

The primary provisions of AB 461 outline specific penalties for criminal neglect based on the severity of the outcome. If neglect leads to a patient's death, the offender faces a category B felony, with imprisonment ranging from one to twenty years. In cases where neglect results in substantial bodily harm, the penalty remains a category B felony but carries a shorter prison term of one to six years, or a fine of up to $5,000. For neglect that does not result in serious harm, the offense is classified as a gross misdemeanor.

A notable aspect of the bill is its clarification regarding what constitutes neglect. It specifies that a patient cannot be deemed neglected solely for receiving treatment through spiritual means or for having life-sustaining treatment withheld in accordance with their wishes. This provision aims to respect patient autonomy while ensuring that professional caretakers are held accountable for their responsibilities.

The introduction of AB 461 has sparked discussions among lawmakers and healthcare professionals. Proponents argue that the bill is essential for protecting vulnerable patients and ensuring that medical facilities maintain high standards of care. Critics, however, express concerns about the potential for increased legal liability for healthcare providers, which could lead to defensive medicine practices and impact patient care.

The implications of AB 461 extend beyond legal accountability; they touch on broader social and ethical issues surrounding patient rights and the responsibilities of healthcare professionals. Experts suggest that the bill could lead to a cultural shift in how medical neglect is perceived and addressed within the healthcare system.

As the legislative process unfolds, stakeholders will be closely monitoring the bill's progress, potential amendments, and the ongoing debates surrounding its provisions. The outcome of AB 461 could significantly influence the landscape of healthcare accountability in Nevada, setting a precedent for how similar issues are handled in the future.