California Legislature limits rooster ownership to curb cockfighting and avian flu risks

California lawmakers have introduced Assembly Bill 928, a significant piece of legislation aimed at curbing the illegal practice of cockfighting and addressing public health concerns related to avian diseases. Introduced on March 18, 2025, the bill seeks to limit the number of roosters that can be kept on private property, establishing a maximum of three roosters per acre or 25 roosters total, with strict penalties for violations.

The bill's primary focus is to combat the ongoing issue of cockfighting, which, despite being illegal in California, continues to thrive due to the challenges in proving intent among rooster owners. Law enforcement officials have linked cockfighting to various criminal activities, including drug trafficking and gun violence, raising serious concerns about community safety. Additionally, the bill addresses the risks posed by gamefowl yards, where large numbers of roosters are bred and sold, potentially facilitating the spread of avian diseases like the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1). Since its outbreak in California in early 2022, avian flu has led to the deaths of millions of poultry and has even affected livestock and humans.

AB 928 outlines specific exemptions for individuals who keep roosters for food production, educational purposes, or under certain regulated conditions, such as those involved in 4-H or Future Farmers of America projects. This careful consideration aims to balance the needs of agricultural practices with the imperative to protect public health and safety.

The bill has sparked notable debates among stakeholders. Supporters argue that it is a necessary step to protect both animal welfare and public health, while opponents express concerns about the potential impact on small-scale poultry farmers and hobbyists. The proposed civil penalty of up to $2,500 for violations has also raised questions about enforcement and the implications for those who may inadvertently exceed the limits.

As California grapples with the ramifications of avian flu and the ongoing challenges of illegal animal fighting, AB 928 represents a proactive approach to safeguarding both the community and animal welfare. If passed, the bill will take effect on January 1, 2027, marking a pivotal moment in the state's efforts to address these pressing issues. The outcome of this legislation could set a precedent for similar measures in other states, reflecting a growing recognition of the interconnectedness of animal welfare, public health, and community safety.