On April 2, 2025, Indiana lawmakers introduced Senate Bill 4, a significant piece of legislation aimed at regulating water transfers across various hydrologic basins in the state. The bill seeks to address growing concerns over water resource management, particularly in light of increasing demands from both agricultural and industrial sectors.

Senate Bill 4 establishes a framework for the classification of Indiana's water basins, including the Lower Great Miami, Whitewater, and Ohio River basins, among others. A key provision of the bill defines "notable users" as entities that transfer more than 30 million gallons of water per day or operate in restricted use areas. Notably, these users will be required to obtain a transfer permit from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources before moving water out of their designated basins.

The legislation has sparked considerable debate among stakeholders. Proponents argue that the bill is essential for sustainable water management, ensuring that local water supplies are protected from over-extraction and depletion. They emphasize the need for a structured approach to water transfers, especially as climate change and population growth intensify pressure on water resources.

Opponents, however, raise concerns about the potential economic implications of the bill. Critics argue that the permitting process could hinder agricultural operations and industrial growth, particularly in regions reliant on significant water usage. Some have called for amendments to streamline the permitting process or to exempt certain agricultural practices from stringent regulations.

The bill's introduction comes at a time when water scarcity is becoming an increasingly pressing issue across the United States. Experts suggest that if passed, Senate Bill 4 could set a precedent for other states grappling with similar challenges. The legislation may also prompt discussions about the balance between economic development and environmental sustainability, a topic that resonates deeply within Indiana's diverse communities.

As the legislative session progresses, stakeholders will be closely monitoring the bill's trajectory. The outcome of Senate Bill 4 could have lasting implications for Indiana's water management policies and the state's approach to balancing resource conservation with economic needs. Lawmakers are expected to hold further discussions and hearings, where amendments may be proposed to address the concerns raised by various interest groups.