State funding drive shifts focus from composting to anaerobic digestion for food waste management

The Massachusetts Organics Subcommittee meeting on April 10, 2025, spotlighted a significant shift in organic waste management, revealing a stark contrast between the rising popularity of anaerobic digestion (AD) and the declining trend in composting. The discussions highlighted that state funding has heavily favored AD, leading to its expansion, while composting facilities have struggled, with many closing due to operational challenges and community pushback over odor issues.

A key point raised was the doubling of food waste collected since 2016, which has surged from approximately 180,000 tons to over 380,000 tons in 2023. In contrast, composting figures plummeted from 76,000 tons to less than 30,000 tons during the same period. This disparity has prompted questions about the financial support mechanisms in place for both waste management strategies. Officials acknowledged that AD has received more substantial state funding compared to composting, which may explain its growth amid the decline of composting operations.

The meeting also addressed the regulatory landscape, noting that AD facilities typically operate under more favorable permitting conditions than compost sites, which often face stricter zoning laws. Participants discussed the need for better collaboration with municipalities to facilitate the establishment of composting facilities, emphasizing the importance of local support and education to overcome zoning hurdles.

As the conversation unfolded, it became clear that while AD is crucial for managing food waste, especially in urban areas, there remains a strong desire among stakeholders to revitalize composting efforts. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) plans to follow up with detailed funding breakdowns and explore ways to enhance support for composting infrastructure.

The meeting underscored a collective commitment to improving organic waste management in Massachusetts, recognizing that a balanced approach incorporating both AD and composting is essential for sustainable waste reduction. As the state moves forward, the integration of food waste prevention and donation strategies will also be pivotal in addressing the ongoing challenges in organic waste management.