Expert examines China's declining population and aging workforce impact on global leadership

The City Council of Indianapolis convened on April 17, 2025, to discuss critical issues surrounding American foreign policy, particularly focusing on the implications of China's declining population. Experts highlighted two significant challenges facing China: an aging population and a declining workforce.

During the meeting, it was noted that China's population is aging at a rapid pace, which poses a substantial challenge for its future as a global leader. The working-age population has been decreasing since 2023, and projections indicate that this trend will continue. Currently, Chinese families are having an average of only one child, far below the 2.1 children needed for population stability. This demographic shift raises concerns about the economic and social implications for China.

The aging population presents a dual challenge. On one hand, there is the potential for increased neglect and suffering among the elderly if the government does not step in to provide adequate support. On the other hand, the financial burden of pensions and healthcare for a growing elderly population could divert resources away from military and technological advancements, which are crucial for maintaining China's status as a dominant global power.

Furthermore, the discussion touched on cultural factors that may exacerbate the workforce decline. The traditional commitment to family care, particularly by women, could lead to fewer women participating in the workforce, further shrinking the labor pool. This demographic shift could hinder China's economic growth, as historical data shows that countries with declining populations struggle to maintain robust economies.

In conclusion, the City Council's discussions underscored the significant implications of China's demographic challenges on its future economic stability and global influence. As these issues evolve, they will likely shape not only China's domestic policies but also its international relations and strategic positioning in the world.