Robert Kagan examines US leadership challenges in global order shift

American foreign policy is at a pivotal moment, as highlighted during the City Council of Indianapolis meeting on April 17, 2025. The discussion centered on the shifting global landscape and the implications for U.S. leadership. Key speaker Robert Kagan emphasized the remarkable transformation of former adversaries Germany and Japan into stable democracies and allies, showcasing the success of the U.S.-led international order post-World War II.

Kagan pointed out that while the U.S. has historically provided security that allowed these nations to flourish economically, the balance of power is now shifting. China has emerged as a formidable competitor, with India and Russia also asserting their interests. This shift raises critical questions about whether the U.S. can maintain its leadership role and whether it even desires to do so.

The meeting explored three potential paths for U.S. foreign policy moving forward. The first option is a revitalized U.S.-led liberal international order, which would involve active engagement in global affairs and cooperation among democracies to tackle shared challenges. This approach is rooted in the belief that democratic nations are better allies and that multilateralism is essential for addressing global issues.

The second option is a Chinese-led international order, which would fundamentally alter the current geopolitical dynamics. The third scenario, termed "no one's world," suggests a fragmented global landscape where regional powers operate independently without a dominant authority.

As the U.S. navigates these complex choices, the discussions at the City Council meeting underscore the urgency for a clear strategy that addresses both the challenges and opportunities presented by a rapidly changing world. The outcomes of these deliberations could shape the future of American foreign policy and its role on the global stage.