Councilmembers Pinto and White introduce One Front Door Act to reform building codes

On April 22, 2025, the District of Columbia Senate State Legislature introduced Council Bill 260227, known as the "One Front Door Act of 2025." This legislation aims to amend the building code to permit multifamily residential buildings of up to six stories to have a single entrance and egress stairway, a significant shift from the current requirement for two stairwells.

The bill's primary objective is to modernize building codes in light of advancements in fire safety technology and materials. Proponents argue that the existing two-stairwell requirement is outdated, stemming from early fire codes that prioritized occupant evacuation. They contend that improvements in fire suppression and building science have made single-stair designs safer and more feasible. Notably, cities like Seattle, Honolulu, and New York have successfully implemented similar reforms, allowing for single-stair buildings of six stories or more.

Key provisions of the bill include the directive for the Construction Codes Coordinating Board to incorporate these amendments in the next code revision cycle. Supporters assert that allowing single-stair buildings would not only reduce construction costs but also enhance the livability of residential units by enabling larger floor plans and better access to natural light and ventilation. This change could potentially alleviate housing shortages in the District, as the current requirement often renders some projects economically unviable, particularly on smaller lots.

The bill has sparked discussions among stakeholders, with some expressing concerns about safety implications. Critics argue that a single stairway could hinder evacuation during emergencies, despite advancements in fire safety. However, supporters maintain that the benefits of increased housing availability and reduced costs outweigh these concerns.

The One Front Door Act aligns with similar legislative efforts in neighboring states, including Virginia and Maryland, as well as recent measures in California, New York, Oregon, Washington, and Nashville. If passed, this bill could significantly impact the District's housing landscape, potentially leading to more affordable housing options and innovative building designs.

As the bill moves through the legislative process, its implications for urban development and housing affordability will be closely monitored by both supporters and opponents. The outcome could set a precedent for building regulations in other jurisdictions, reflecting a broader trend toward modernizing codes to meet contemporary needs.