The U.S. House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology convened on September 19, 2025, to discuss the future of fusion energy, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the energy sector and the urgent need for federal support to maintain U.S. leadership in this critical technology.

Chairman Weber opened the hearing by highlighting a decade of stagnation in energy innovation, which has now shifted as U.S. energy demand rises due to factors like the onshoring of supply chains and advancements in artificial intelligence. The committee focused on the remarkable progress made in fusion power, particularly following recent breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility, which achieved a positive net energy output from a fusion reaction.

Witnesses at the hearing underscored the rapid growth of the fusion industry, which has expanded by 50% in just two years, and the pressing need for a skilled workforce to support this growth. Currently, only 23% of the workforce in the fusion sector consists of scientists, with a significant portion lacking advanced degrees. To address this gap, national labs are exploring apprenticeship programs to cultivate a robust workforce capable of meeting the industry's demands.

The Department of Energy (DOE) is playing a pivotal role in advancing fusion technology through public-private partnerships and funding initiatives. These efforts have already attracted over $700 million in private investment, demonstrating the effectiveness of federal support in fostering innovation. However, witnesses warned that without sustained federal investment, the U.S. risks falling behind global competitors, particularly China, which has significantly increased its investment in fusion technology.

The hearing also highlighted the importance of universities in driving fusion research and innovation. Institutions like North Carolina State University are leading initiatives that enhance student access to fusion research, preparing the next generation for high-skilled jobs in this emerging field.

As the U.S. aims to establish operational fusion power plants by 2035, the committee emphasized the need for coordinated federal action to address remaining scientific challenges and ensure the country remains at the forefront of fusion energy development. The discussions concluded with a call for continued investment and collaboration among government, academia, and the private sector to harness the full potential of fusion power for a sustainable energy future.