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Witnesses urge clearer deterrence, more offensive operations and expanded guard cyber units; AI seen as force multiplier
Summary
Panelists said deterrence requires operations that impose costs on adversaries, recommended publicly attributed operations to remove Chinese footholds, and supported adding National Guard cyber units and investing in AI to scale defense — while warning of attendant risks.
Committee members and witnesses debated the role of offensive cyber operations, the National Guard’s role in domestic cyber defense, and the promise and risks of artificial intelligence in cybersecurity.
Several witnesses and members urged a more aggressive posture to impose costs on adversaries. Rear Admiral Mark Montgomery said the United States should “publicly execute operations against Chinese cyber infrastructure to say, we know you did this,” arguing that public attribution and removal of adversary infrastructure would deter further behavior even if it sacrifices an intelligence access.
Witnesses described two complementary deterrence approaches: “deterrence by…
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