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Researchers present Tempus 2: satellite‑based, regional stream temperature estimates for ungauged sites

California Environmental Flows Work Group · December 2, 2025
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Summary

Tempus 2 uses satellite land‑surface temperature, humidity, topography and land‑cover to estimate daily stream temperatures at ~1 km resolution for ungauged sites; the model typically shows an RMSE around 2°C for ungauged validation gauges, with limitations in reservoirs and groundwater‑dominated sites.

Daniel (presenting for the Tempus 2 team) described a remote‑sensing approach to fill gaps in stream temperature coverage. The model uses satellite land‑surface temperature, humidity, topography and land‑cover to predict daily mean and maximum stream temperatures at approximately 1‑kilometer resolution without requiring local calibration.

"The model outputs 1 kilometer…

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