Witnesses told the subcommittee that space weather is an integral part of NOAA's observing mission and that new satellites and partnerships aim to improve lead time for alerts that protect electrical grids, GPS, and satellite constellations.

Irene Parker said NOAA recently launched or planned key space‑weather capabilities: “we were able to actually leverage the WSFM data... The National Hurricane Center did leverage that as a part of their hurricane forecasting,” and later said, “we are able to launch our our space weather mission called SWFO, space weather fall on mission in September 2025, which is our first operational space weather satellite mission that will be going to 1,000,000 miles between us and the sun.”

Members asked about extreme geomagnetic events such as a Carrington‑scale storm. Parker replied the agency aims to improve observational lead times so that utilities and other critical infrastructure can take mitigating actions days in advance, and she described the Space Weather Prediction Center's industry coordination: SWPC “works directly with companies like SpaceX. They work with, the power grid industry. They work with aviation weather to ensure that they understand what these alerts mean.”

On hardening and readiness, witnesses generally offered to take detailed infrastructure‑hardening questions for the record or defer to specialized agencies (including the Space Force). The panel heard that improving observations and longer lead times are core near‑term mitigation strategies, while explicit infrastructure investment needs and assessments were not specified in testimony and were taken for the record.