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How data centers cool servers — and why some methods can drain municipal water supplies

Baltimore County Department of Public Works and Transportation (DPW&T) work session · April 24, 2026
AI-Generated Content: All content on this page was generated by AI to highlight key points from the meeting. For complete details and context, we recommend watching the full video. so we can fix them.

Summary

DPW&T explained four cooling methods — air-cooled, open-loop evaporative, closed-loop recirculating and direct liquid immersion — and described tradeoffs: air cooling uses more electricity but little municipal water; open-loop evaporative systems use the most water; closed-loop can cut water use but costs more; immersion reduces water use but can introduce PFAS disposal concerns.

Baltimore County DPW&T staff outlined the cooling technologies data centers use and the water‑use tradeoffs that matter for county planning.

DPW&T described four principal cooling approaches: air‑cooled systems (minimal water use but higher electricity demand); open‑loop evaporative cooling (cooling towers that rely on evaporation and can be water‑intensive); closed‑loop recirculating systems (sealed recirculation that can reduce water use, cited…

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