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Northborough creates rules for small data centers, caps new builds at 5 MW after robust debate
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Summary
After lengthy questions about electricity, water, noise and security, the town approved a zoning amendment that defines data‑processing uses, excludes large data centers, and allows limited data‑center projects by special permit subject to seven infrastructure and compatibility criteria; a proposed amendment to reduce the cap to 2.5 MW failed.
Article 53 amended the zoning code to add a definition for data processing and record storage while distinguishing those uses from a data center. Planning‑board presenter Bill Pierce explained the intent: allow modest server/colocation reuse of industrial buildings while preventing large “hyperscale” installations by requiring special‑permit review and imposing a 5‑megawatt limit on new data centers.
Pierce described seven review criteria: electricity capacity (and coordination with the utility), cooling systems (preference for recycled or closed‑loop systems), noise controls and generator testing, security, site access and parking, screening and environmental/regulatory compliance. He and several supporters said the 5‑MW threshold is a common practice to distinguish limited facilities from much larger hyperscaler projects (tens of megawatts).
Speakers expressed resource concerns. Residents asked how projected electrical demand would be policed and whether companies could expand without planning‑board review; presenters said any expansion would require planning‑board approval and that utility upgrades would be evident in project permitting. An amendment to reduce the cap to 2.5 MW was proposed and defeated (11 yes, 72 no). The main amended Article 53 then passed (67 yes, 14 no) by the required two‑thirds vote. The planning board will evaluate any proposed data‑center special permits against the seven tests and existing performance standards (including sound limits).
