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Carter County

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Carter County is located in southeastern Montana, characterized by its vast open spaces and a small, close-knit community. As of 2024, the estimated population was around 1,399, making it one of the least populous counties in the state. The county's landscape is dominated by rolling plains and sparse vegetation, reflecting its rural and agricultural character. Carter County's economy is primarily based on agriculture, particularly ranching and beef production. Other key sectors include forestry, retail trade, and public administration. The county seat, Ekalaka, serves as a central hub for local services and institutions, including the Carter County Museum and a small hospital. Carter County offers a glimpse into Montana's pioneering past, with a strong connection to its agricultural roots and Native American history. Medicine Rocks State Park, known for its unique rock formations, provides a distinctive natural landmark and a glimpse into the area's geological history. The county's remote location and small population contribute to a quiet, rural lifestyle.

Carter County, Montana

Overview
Classification
County
FIPS Code
30011
Country
United States
County
Carter County
Geography
Region
Southeastern Montana
Total Area
3,348 sq mi
Land Area
3,341 sq mi
Water Area
7.5 sq mi
Latitude
45.5
Longitude
-104.54
Climate
Semi-arid climate with cold winters and warm summers.
Notable Features
Medicine Rocks State Park
Neighboring Areas
Powder River County · Custer County · Fallon County · Harding County, South Dakota · Butte County, South Dakota · Crook County, Wyoming
Demographics
Population (2020)
1,415
Est. Population (2024)
1,399
Median Age
56.7
Median Income
$54,167
Poverty Rate
15.4%
Owner-Occupied
62.2%
Racial & Ethnic Composition
The racial makeup of the county was 88.9% White, 8.3% Two or More Races, and 2.4% Hispanic.
Governance
Government Type
County Commission
Governing Body
Board of County Commissioners
Body Size
3 members
Municipal Services
Road & Bridge · Public Health · Weed District · Law Enforcement · Disaster & Emergency Services
Economy
Unemployment Rate
2.4%
Economic Profile
Agriculture-based, Ranching
Employment Sectors
Agriculture & Forestry · Public Administration · Retail Trade · Educational Services · Arts, Entertainment, & Recreation
Major Employers
Ranches · Carter County government · Ekalaka Public Schools · Local businesses
Education
Schools
4
Students
146
Teachers
14
Student-Teacher Ratio
6:1
School Districts
Carter County High School District · Ekalaka Elementary School District
Infrastructure
Transportation
State Highways 12, 323, and other local roads · Ekalaka Airport
Utilities
Rural electric cooperatives · Local water systems
Major Facilities
Carter County Courthouse · Carter County Museum · Medical facilities in Ekalaka
Recreation
Outdoor Access
Yes
Major Recreation Areas
Medicine Rocks State Park
Parks & Trails
Local parks in Ekalaka · Trails in Medicine Rocks State Park
History
Founded
1917
Named After
Thomas Henry Carter, Montana's first congressman
Historical Significance
Reflects the history of settlement and agricultural development in southeastern Montana.
Key Events
Establishment of ranches in the late 19th century · Creation of Carter County in 1917