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Northwest Arctic Borough

county

The Northwest Arctic Borough is located in northwest Alaska, along the Chukchi Sea. It is the second-largest borough in Alaska, encompassing approximately 36,000 square miles, an area larger than the state of Indiana. The borough's population was 7,793 as of the 2020 Census. The borough seat is Kotzebue, which has been a hub of trade for the Inupiat people for thousands of years. The economy of the Northwest Arctic Borough is driven by government, mining, healthcare, transportation, services, and construction. Key industries include the Red Dog Mine, the world's largest zinc mine, and subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing, and gathering. Major employers include TeckAlaska, Maniilaq Association, the Northwest Arctic Borough School District, and Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corp. The Northwest Arctic Borough is distinctive for its rich Inupiat culture, which has thrived in the region for over 10,000 years. Subsistence activities are a vital part of the lifestyle, and the borough is home to several national parks and wildlife refuges, offering unparalleled access to pristine wilderness. The borough's location above the Arctic Circle results in unique climate conditions, including long, cold winters and continuous sunlight during the summer months.

Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska

Overview
Classification
County
Country
United States
County
Northwest Arctic Borough
Geography
Region
Northwest Alaska
Total Area
40,749 sq mi
Land Area
35,573 sq mi
Water Area
5,176 sq mi
Latitude
67
Longitude
-160
Climate
Transitional climate with long, cold winters and cool summers. Temperatures range from -52 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Total precipitation averages nine inches per year and average annual snowfall is forty-seven inches.
Notable Features
Kotzebue Sound · Noatak River · Kobuk River · Chukchi Sea · Brooks Range · Seward Peninsula
Neighboring Areas
North Slope Borough · Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area · Nome Census Area
Demographics
Population (2020)
7,793
Est. Population (2026)
6,830
Median Age
28.3
Median Income
$81,298
Owner-Occupied
60.5%
Racial & Ethnic Composition
The racial makeup of the borough includes 80.1% American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic), 9.66% White (Non-Hispanic), 4.93% Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic), and 2.51% Asian (Non-Hispanic).
Economy
Unemployment Rate
10.2% (2025)
Economic Profile
Transportation services · Oil and mineral exploration and development
Employment Sectors
Public Administration · Health Care & Social Assistance · Educational Services
Major Employers
TeckAlaska · Maniilaq Association · Northwest Arctic Borough School District · Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corp (KIC)
Education
Schools
12
Students
2,009
Student-Teacher Ratio
19:1
School Districts
Northwest Arctic Borough School District
Colleges & Universities
Alaska Technical Center in Kotzebue
Recreation
Outdoor Access
Yes
Major Recreation Areas
Kobuk Valley National Park · Cape Krusenstern National Monument · Noatak National Preserve
Parks & Trails
Trail systems · Shelter Cabins
History
Incorporated
1986
Named After
Its Northwest and Arctic location
Historical Significance
The Northwest Arctic Borough is significant for its long history of Inupiat habitation and its role as a center of trade and culture in northwest Alaska.
Key Events
Inupiat people have occupied the region for at least 10,000 years · Kotzebue Sound "discovered" in 1818 by Otto Von Kotzebue · Borough government formed in 1986