Northwest Arctic Borough
countyThe Northwest Arctic Borough is located in northwest Alaska, along the Chukchi Sea. It is the second-largest borough in Alaska, encompassing approximately 36,000 square miles, an area larger than the state of Indiana. The borough's population was 7,793 as of the 2020 Census. The borough seat is Kotzebue, which has been a hub of trade for the Inupiat people for thousands of years. The economy of the Northwest Arctic Borough is driven by government, mining, healthcare, transportation, services, and construction. Key industries include the Red Dog Mine, the world's largest zinc mine, and subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing, and gathering. Major employers include TeckAlaska, Maniilaq Association, the Northwest Arctic Borough School District, and Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corp. The Northwest Arctic Borough is distinctive for its rich Inupiat culture, which has thrived in the region for over 10,000 years. Subsistence activities are a vital part of the lifestyle, and the borough is home to several national parks and wildlife refuges, offering unparalleled access to pristine wilderness. The borough's location above the Arctic Circle results in unique climate conditions, including long, cold winters and continuous sunlight during the summer months.
Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
- Classification
- County
- Country
- United States
- County
- Northwest Arctic Borough
- Region
- Northwest Alaska
- Total Area
- 40,749 sq mi
- Land Area
- 35,573 sq mi
- Water Area
- 5,176 sq mi
- Latitude
- 67
- Longitude
- -160
- Climate
- Transitional climate with long, cold winters and cool summers. Temperatures range from -52 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Total precipitation averages nine inches per year and average annual snowfall is forty-seven inches.
- Notable Features
- Kotzebue Sound · Noatak River · Kobuk River · Chukchi Sea · Brooks Range · Seward Peninsula
- Neighboring Areas
- North Slope Borough · Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area · Nome Census Area
- Population (2020)
- 7,793
- Est. Population (2026)
- 6,830
- Median Age
- 28.3
- Median Income
- $81,298
- Owner-Occupied
- 60.5%
- Racial & Ethnic Composition
- The racial makeup of the borough includes 80.1% American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic), 9.66% White (Non-Hispanic), 4.93% Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic), and 2.51% Asian (Non-Hispanic).
- Unemployment Rate
- 10.2% (2025)
- Economic Profile
- Transportation services · Oil and mineral exploration and development
- Employment Sectors
- Public Administration · Health Care & Social Assistance · Educational Services
- Major Employers
- TeckAlaska · Maniilaq Association · Northwest Arctic Borough School District · Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corp (KIC)
- Schools
- 12
- Students
- 2,009
- Student-Teacher Ratio
- 19:1
- School Districts
- Northwest Arctic Borough School District
- Colleges & Universities
- Alaska Technical Center in Kotzebue
- Outdoor Access
- Yes
- Major Recreation Areas
- Kobuk Valley National Park · Cape Krusenstern National Monument · Noatak National Preserve
- Parks & Trails
- Trail systems · Shelter Cabins
- Incorporated
- 1986
- Named After
- Its Northwest and Arctic location
- Historical Significance
- The Northwest Arctic Borough is significant for its long history of Inupiat habitation and its role as a center of trade and culture in northwest Alaska.
- Key Events
- Inupiat people have occupied the region for at least 10,000 years · Kotzebue Sound "discovered" in 1818 by Otto Von Kotzebue · Borough government formed in 1986
