HFSC validates 3D virtual comparison microscopy to improve firearms workflow

Sep 11, 2026

HFSC staff described validation steps for 3D virtual comparison microscopy (VCM), saying instrument validation is complete and examiner method validation will include paired virtual and light‑microscopy comparisons and algorithm‑generated similarity scores to support court use.

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Melissa Nally, HFSC forensic lead working on 3D imaging, described the center's validation plan for virtual comparison microscopy (VCM), a technique that uses 3D scans and algorithmic scoring to compare bullets and cartridge cases. She said HFSC has completed instrument validation (phase 1) and is now testing examiner performance: each examiner will complete about 60 virtual comparisons and about 30 traditional light‑microscopy comparisons as part of the paired analysis.

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