San Rafael presents three adaptation paths to address rising tides; study estimates up to $1.8 billion for most transformative option

City of San Rafael staff and consultants presented a feasibility study showing three broad adaptation approaches—raised edges, a canal gate with a large pump station, and incremental elevation/redevelopment—each with trade-offs in cost, timelines, displacement risk and environmental impacts; study leaders urged community input and noted pumps and ownership are central constraints.