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MDE warns backup generators and NOx limits shape air permitting for data centers

Maryland Department of the Environment briefing with Baltimore County staff ยท July 29, 2026
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Summary

MDE staff said data centers commonly install many backup diesel generators, which raises ozone-forming NOx concerns; Maryland law limits generator operation and MDE holds community hearings when air permits are proposed.

State staff told Baltimore County that backup generators are a frequent air-permitting issue for data centers and can raise NOx and ozone concerns. "They do install significant numbers of backup generators in the data centers we've seen in Frederick or around a 100 generators, a data center," Zach said, noting that Maryland places strict limits on how much those generators can operate for testing and exercising.

Zach said MDE works with companies and developers on permit terms and conditions and holds community hearings when air permits are proposed. He offered to connect county staff with MDEs air team to discuss monitoring and potential mitigation options.